map是c++的一个标准容器,它提供了很好一对一的关系,在一些程序中建立一个map可以起到事半功倍的效果,总结了一些map基本简单实用的操作!
1. map最基本的构造函数; map<string , int >mapstring; map<int ,string >mapint; map<sring, char>mapstring; map< char ,string>mapchar; map<char ,int>mapchar; map<int ,char >mapint;2. map添加数据;
map<int ,string> maplive;
1.maplive.insert(pair<int,string>(102,"aclive")); 2.maplive.insert(map<int,string>::value_type(321,"hai")); 3, maplive[112]="April";//map中最简单最常用的插入添加!3,map中元素的查找:find()函数返回一个迭代器指向键值为key的元素,如果没找到就返回指向map尾部的迭代器。
map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;;
l_it=maplive.find(112); if(l_it==maplive.end()) cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl; else cout<<"wo find 112"<<endl;4,map中元素的删除: 如果删除112; map<int ,string >::iterator l_it;; l_it=maplive.find(112); if(l_it==maplive.end()) cout<<"we do not find 112"<<endl; else maplive.erase(l_it); //delete 112;5,map中 swap的用法: Map中的swap不是一个容器中的元素交换,而是两个容器交换; For example: #include <map> #include <iostream>using namespace std;
int main( )
{ map <int, int> m1, m2, m3; map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 1, 10 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 2, 20 ) ); m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 3, 30 ) ); m2.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 10, 100 ) ); m2.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 20, 200 ) ); m3.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 30, 300 ) );cout << "The original map m1 is:";
for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) cout << " " << m1_Iter->second; cout << "." << endl;// This is the member function version of swap
//m2 is said to be the argument map; m1 the target map m1.swap( m2 );cout << "After swapping with m2, map m1 is:";
for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second; cout << "." << endl; cout << "After swapping with m2, map m2 is:"; for ( m1_Iter = m2.begin( ); m1_Iter != m2.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second; cout << "." << endl; // This is the specialized template version of swap swap( m1, m3 );cout << "After swapping with m3, map m1 is:";
for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) cout << " " << m1_Iter -> second; cout << "." << endl;}6.map的sort问题:
Map中的元素是自动按key升序排序,所以不能对map用sort函数: For example: #include <map> #include <iostream>using namespace std;
int main( )
{ map <int, int> m1; map <int, int>::iterator m1_Iter;m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 1, 20 ) );
m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 4, 40 ) ); m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 3, 60 ) ); m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 2, 50 ) ); m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 6, 40 ) ); m1.insert ( pair <int, int> ( 7, 30 ) );cout << "The original map m1 is:"<<endl;
for ( m1_Iter = m1.begin( ); m1_Iter != m1.end( ); m1_Iter++ ) cout << m1_Iter->first<<" "<<m1_Iter->second<<endl; } The original map m1 is: 1 20 2 50 3 60 4 40 6 40 7 30 请按任意键继续. . .7, map的基本操作函数:
C++ map是一种关联式容器,包含“关键字/值”对 begin() 返回指向map头部的迭代器 clear() 删除所有元素 count() 返回指定元素出现的次数 empty() 如果map为空则返回true end() 返回指向map末尾的迭代器 equal_range() 返回特殊条目的迭代器对 erase() 删除一个元素 find() 查找一个元素 get_allocator() 返回map的配置器 insert() 插入元素 key_comp() 返回比较元素key的函数 lower_bound() 返回键值>=给定元素的第一个位置 max_size() 返回可以容纳的最大元素个数 rbegin() 返回一个指向map尾部的逆向迭代器 rend() 返回一个指向map头部的逆向迭代器 size() 返回map中元素的个数 swap() 交换两个map upper_bound() 返回键值>给定元素的第一个位置 value_comp() 返回比较元素value的函数